“The origin of life appears to be almost a miracle, so many are the conditions which would have had to be satisfied to get it going.”
- Sir Francis Crick
The Origin of Species… and Life
So not only did I just plagiarize that title from Charles Darwin, but I also intend on suggesting that his evolutionary theory is insufficient in explaining the origin of life. Said theory unquestionably describes one of many driving forces of producing incredible variation within a species, and whether or not it causes speciation is questionable, but I’m inclined to believe that it is seriously lacking in explaining how life began in the first place.
But let’s start specifically with the speciation aspect of Darwin’s theory (which some people might refer to as “macroevolution”, but uh, even scientists have disagreements over this terminology). Actually, I’m not going to bother going into much (make that “any”) detail with this topic because it’s a pretty tired issue with regard to the Creation vs. Evolution debate, and I doubt that I can shed any new insight into it. I could go on and on about the apparent deficiency of transitional forms (sources such as National Geographic are accountable for several cases of misinformation about “missing links” in the fossil record) or the lack of reproducible, experimental data (there have been documented laboratory attempts in speciation using fruit flies and such, all of which failed) and get absolutely no where, because, seriously, there is not enough evidence for either side given the predetermined bias that we have when approaching such a subject. There is one thing I would like to point out, however. Genesis 1 relates the order that certain life forms came to existence, which was later shown to correlate perfectly with fossil records, which was even later applied to an outline of how life theoretically evolved from one common ancestor. Theories based on clear observations and evidence are certainly scientifically derived, but could it be that ancient text describing seemingly unimportant yet highly detailed information proving to be accurate despite a lack of knowledge or even intent were miraculously derived? Perhaps it was just a coincidence, along with the 300 plus Messianic prophecies that were fulfilled in the short lifetime of Jesus Christ. But I digress.
The more important issue of Darwinism (in terms of objecting to creation) is that it fails to explain how life initiated from non-life. I’m sure most people are familiar with the primordial soup idea, which many science rookies cradle as the answer to the origin-of-life question. Basically, Stanley Miller simulated what was thought to be earth’s early atmospheric conditions in a flask, shot electricity through it to imitate lightning, and, soon enough, discovered that amino acids have formed, which are the building blocks of proteins. Even though a long string of amino acids have to be grouped in just the right way to create one protein molecule, and an even larger collection of proteins have to be arranged to create one cell, and all of that requires DNA or RNA, the creation of which was an even larger problem and has never been accomplished in any sort of laboratory condition, the Miller experiment was still significant… historically. What the average Joe doesn’t know is that the Miller experiment was actually flawed; the primordial atmosphere was nothing like what Miller had assumed, and under the actual conditions, the experiment simply did not work. Even Miller himself later conceded, “The problem of the origin of life has turned out to be much more difficult than I, and most other people, envisioned.”
I have to admit that I was miffed when I first heard that bit of news. I actually didn’t believe it to be true, especially since my science textbooks didn’t mention it. And, in case you don’t believe me, here’s an article that I found on that subject: Reflections from a Warm Little Pond.
- Sir Francis Crick
The Origin of Species… and Life
So not only did I just plagiarize that title from Charles Darwin, but I also intend on suggesting that his evolutionary theory is insufficient in explaining the origin of life. Said theory unquestionably describes one of many driving forces of producing incredible variation within a species, and whether or not it causes speciation is questionable, but I’m inclined to believe that it is seriously lacking in explaining how life began in the first place.
But let’s start specifically with the speciation aspect of Darwin’s theory (which some people might refer to as “macroevolution”, but uh, even scientists have disagreements over this terminology). Actually, I’m not going to bother going into much (make that “any”) detail with this topic because it’s a pretty tired issue with regard to the Creation vs. Evolution debate, and I doubt that I can shed any new insight into it. I could go on and on about the apparent deficiency of transitional forms (sources such as National Geographic are accountable for several cases of misinformation about “missing links” in the fossil record) or the lack of reproducible, experimental data (there have been documented laboratory attempts in speciation using fruit flies and such, all of which failed) and get absolutely no where, because, seriously, there is not enough evidence for either side given the predetermined bias that we have when approaching such a subject. There is one thing I would like to point out, however. Genesis 1 relates the order that certain life forms came to existence, which was later shown to correlate perfectly with fossil records, which was even later applied to an outline of how life theoretically evolved from one common ancestor. Theories based on clear observations and evidence are certainly scientifically derived, but could it be that ancient text describing seemingly unimportant yet highly detailed information proving to be accurate despite a lack of knowledge or even intent were miraculously derived? Perhaps it was just a coincidence, along with the 300 plus Messianic prophecies that were fulfilled in the short lifetime of Jesus Christ. But I digress.
The more important issue of Darwinism (in terms of objecting to creation) is that it fails to explain how life initiated from non-life. I’m sure most people are familiar with the primordial soup idea, which many science rookies cradle as the answer to the origin-of-life question. Basically, Stanley Miller simulated what was thought to be earth’s early atmospheric conditions in a flask, shot electricity through it to imitate lightning, and, soon enough, discovered that amino acids have formed, which are the building blocks of proteins. Even though a long string of amino acids have to be grouped in just the right way to create one protein molecule, and an even larger collection of proteins have to be arranged to create one cell, and all of that requires DNA or RNA, the creation of which was an even larger problem and has never been accomplished in any sort of laboratory condition, the Miller experiment was still significant… historically. What the average Joe doesn’t know is that the Miller experiment was actually flawed; the primordial atmosphere was nothing like what Miller had assumed, and under the actual conditions, the experiment simply did not work. Even Miller himself later conceded, “The problem of the origin of life has turned out to be much more difficult than I, and most other people, envisioned.”
I have to admit that I was miffed when I first heard that bit of news. I actually didn’t believe it to be true, especially since my science textbooks didn’t mention it. And, in case you don’t believe me, here’s an article that I found on that subject: Reflections from a Warm Little Pond.
The article also mentions two newer theories that have emerged, but they each pose major problems as well. Miller likewise expresses his distaste in both theories. On seeding from space, he says:
Even if the amino acids from meteorites or vents in the ocean did amount to anything, it still doesn’t answer the question of how amino acids were capable of linking together to form actual proteins without the help of genetic information.
Clearly, scientists have yet to discover a natural way of creating life spontaneously. Until then, I can’t see why it would be unreasonable to deduce that the solution is not natural at all, and I am compelled to believe that the origin of life was indeed a supernatural phenomenon.
Side Note: Objective Morals
Honestly, I could care less about how life happened to appear and whether or not species are capable of evolving into separate ones if it weren’t for my belief that humans are distinct from all other forms of life in that we have a sense of objective morals. An evolutionist would claim that morals are the result of socio-biological evolution, and what we deem as right or wrong is simply a matter of what is or isn’t beneficial in ensuring the endurance of humanity. Philosopher of science Michael Ruse asserts that “Morality is a biological adaptation no less than are hands and feet and teeth… Morality is just an aid to survival and reproduction… and any deeper meaning is illusory.” If that’s the case, then any action that is supposedly good or bad is simply a matter of taste. If that’s the case, then persecution of homosexuals is justifiable because they’re not contributing to the survival or our species. If that’s the case, then rape isn’t actually evil; it only became taboo because it wasn’t necessarily an efficient means of reproduction. If that’s the case, then there is no need to get so upset over a loved one dying from an illness because, hey, they’re just a consequence of natural selection, and they’re consuming less of the earth’s resources that could now be put to better use on a healthier individual – and such a statement is not offensive because, well, it’s true.
If morality is merely a product of evolution, then everything is morally neutral and dependent on an individual or a society. You don’t like discrimination? Torturing children? Mass genocide? That’s too bad; you have no right to accuse Hitler of being an evil person when he was only expressing his personal preferences and taking survival-of-the-fittest to the extreme, because there is no difference between good or evil in the first place.
I don’t think morality works that way, however. I do believe that there are some absolutes. I do believe that the ethics of certain issues is independent of what others believe to be true. Even if Hitler didn’t mind attempting to wipe out entire populations, even if thousands followed his lead, heck, even if the entire world thought that what he did was okay, the Holocaust was still evil no matter what. My sense of objective morality – and that of humanity – does not come from evolution; the only logical source is from God.
If you don't make [organic compounds] on Earth, you have to bring them in on comets, meteorites or dust. Certainly some material did come from these sources. In my opinion the amount from these sources would have been too small to effectively contribute to the origin of life.On vents in the ocean:
I have a very simple response to that. Submarine vents don't make organic compounds, they decompose them. Indeed, these vents are one of the limiting factors on what organic compounds you are going to have in the primitive oceans. At the present time, the entire ocean goes through those vents in 10 million years. So all of the organic compounds get zapped every ten million years. That places a constraint on how much organic material you can get. Furthermore, it gives you a time scale for the origin of life. If all the polymers and other goodies that you make get destroyed, it means life has to start early and rapidly. If you look at the process in detail, it seems that long periods of time are detrimental, rather than helpful.In Discover Magazine, he even goes as far to say, “The vent hypothesis is a real loser. I don’t understand why we even have to discuss it.”
Even if the amino acids from meteorites or vents in the ocean did amount to anything, it still doesn’t answer the question of how amino acids were capable of linking together to form actual proteins without the help of genetic information.
Clearly, scientists have yet to discover a natural way of creating life spontaneously. Until then, I can’t see why it would be unreasonable to deduce that the solution is not natural at all, and I am compelled to believe that the origin of life was indeed a supernatural phenomenon.
Side Note: Objective Morals
Honestly, I could care less about how life happened to appear and whether or not species are capable of evolving into separate ones if it weren’t for my belief that humans are distinct from all other forms of life in that we have a sense of objective morals. An evolutionist would claim that morals are the result of socio-biological evolution, and what we deem as right or wrong is simply a matter of what is or isn’t beneficial in ensuring the endurance of humanity. Philosopher of science Michael Ruse asserts that “Morality is a biological adaptation no less than are hands and feet and teeth… Morality is just an aid to survival and reproduction… and any deeper meaning is illusory.” If that’s the case, then any action that is supposedly good or bad is simply a matter of taste. If that’s the case, then persecution of homosexuals is justifiable because they’re not contributing to the survival or our species. If that’s the case, then rape isn’t actually evil; it only became taboo because it wasn’t necessarily an efficient means of reproduction. If that’s the case, then there is no need to get so upset over a loved one dying from an illness because, hey, they’re just a consequence of natural selection, and they’re consuming less of the earth’s resources that could now be put to better use on a healthier individual – and such a statement is not offensive because, well, it’s true.
If morality is merely a product of evolution, then everything is morally neutral and dependent on an individual or a society. You don’t like discrimination? Torturing children? Mass genocide? That’s too bad; you have no right to accuse Hitler of being an evil person when he was only expressing his personal preferences and taking survival-of-the-fittest to the extreme, because there is no difference between good or evil in the first place.
I don’t think morality works that way, however. I do believe that there are some absolutes. I do believe that the ethics of certain issues is independent of what others believe to be true. Even if Hitler didn’t mind attempting to wipe out entire populations, even if thousands followed his lead, heck, even if the entire world thought that what he did was okay, the Holocaust was still evil no matter what. My sense of objective morality – and that of humanity – does not come from evolution; the only logical source is from God.
5 comments:
I'm not even going to get into discussing the talk a professor gave at a freethought meeting a few months ago trying to explain why morality is objective. It was the most absurd thing I'd ever heard in my life and he completely ruined his point and made basically everyone in the room believe in SUBJective morality instead, if they didn't already.
You went to a freethought meeting? Also, I'll answer this post with my own after my test tomorrow.
... What? Anonymous is Paula, I'd bet. I thought freethinkers -do- beleive in subjective morality. What are you saying?
Okay, the difference between objective and subjective morality isn't too difficult a concept. OBjective morality implies that ethical truths are independent of personal beliefs or situations, while SUBjective morality is dependent. Objective moralists would say that the Holocaust was evil, period. It doesn't matter that the Nazis didn't think so, or even if they had won the war and managed to brainwash everyone into thinking that it was a good cause. Subjective moralists would say that, just because others believed it to be evil, doesn't mean that the Nazis couldn't justify their actions. Or that if everyone agreed it was okay, then it would actually be okay. Theists would claim objective morality because it transcends our physical, biological, psychological selves and suggests the need of a Universal Lawgiver, ie, God. Atheists would claim subjective morality for the opposite reason, as I mentioned in my post.
Now, obviously we can't prove which idea is correct, because it's really a matter of your metaphysical beliefs. It would be the same as trying to prove the existence of God. You can attempt to persuade one way or the other, which is what I was trying to do here, and I guess what the professor at that talk was doing, too. But what you believe depends on how you define truth and whether or not you believe that there is something bigger than ourselves, beyond this world. Still, I would venture to guess that the beliefs of many atheists in this regard are inconsistent, as I elaborated on in my post. Do you really believe that morality is no different that hands/feet/teeth? Or that it changes with time and location and circumstance and individuals? I personally don't think so. I think that genocides, rape, discrimination, torturing children, etc. are evil no matter what the situation is, and even if in some isolated country all of those activities are considered okay, I don't think that makes it any more justifiable.
Of course genocides/rape/etc are evil no matter what the situation is, but I don't think this translates to saying morality is objective. What about controversial issues such as gay marriage, abortion, premarital sex. Not everything is black and white. I mean, I think abortion is immoral, but this is not an "ethical truth". Not everyone would agree with me, but that doesn't mean they're wrong, or I'm wrong. Same with gay marriage; a lot of people would say it's immoral, which I don't agree with at all. It is subjective. Perhaps God instills a general sense of morality in people, but it makes me uncomfortable to think that there's an objective code of right and wrong that he intended for everyone to follow. I think the very evidence that humans are distinct from all other life forms is the fact that we ARE capable of forming unique opinions on such issues.
I agree that there are many controversial issues of morality that aren't black and white, and that we are capable of forming our own opinions on such matters, but that's not what objective morality is necessarily about. It simply means that ethical truths exist, even if we might not agree with them, or even if we don't know what they are. Granted, there are issues that probably don't have a right or wrong because they aren't really morality issues in the first place, such as.... deciding what to eat for dinner. I happen to not like having cereal for dinner, but I'm not going to get on someone's case about that. Also, some people (Christians particularly) who don't really know what they're talking about would claim that alcohol is immoral. I happen to not like alcohol, but I'm not going to get on someone's case about that because alcohol isn't intrinsically bad and actually -isn't- an issue of morality. Still, I believe that there are definitely issues with clear (as well as not-so-clear) stances on morality.
However, someone who subscribes to subjective morality - especially if it's a result of evolution - would have to believe that issues of morality aren't much different than deciding whether or not to eat cereal for dinner or drink alcohol since everything is morally neutral and we only came to believe that certain things are immoral because they happen to somehow hinder our survival or advancement. Of course I can't prove that that's false, but I'm just inclined to believe that it is. Does that make more sense?
Additionally, even though there certainly are a lot of issues with vague/uncertain stances on morality, I think that (this pretty much only applies to those of the Judeo-Christian faiths, I think) God -does- intend for everyone to follow an objective moral code. There's the Ten Commandments, for one thing, and Jesus's greatest commandments (to love God with all your heart and soul and mind, and to love your neighbor as yourself), and everything else in between, most of which are pretty clear-cut. Yes, there are issues that we simply don't know if they're right or wrong (especially if the Bible doesn't mention a clear position), and that's where we have to use our best judgment. Christianity and Judaism are not just religions; they're lifestyles, and that includes God-given moral codes to live by.
Now to decide what to eat for dinner!
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